Motor Car
Motor Car
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 Anderson Motor Co Car ID Plate Rock Hill SC  US $4,000.00
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 1915 SMITH MOTOR WHEEL BICYCLE MOTOR GO KART CAR BRIGGS STRATTON FOLK ART RARE US $1,999.99
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 ▀▄▀▄ CAR CLUB BADGE GÖRLITZER MOTOR KLUB 1930 RALLY TO ZEPPELIN LANDING ▀▄▀▄ US $599.00
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 Playboy Motor Car Co porcelain signextremly rare US $2,500.00
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 FAIRMONT MT 14 SPEEDER MOTOR CAR MOTORCAR ROLLING CHASSIS RESTORE OR PARTS US $499.99
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 hudson motor car US $450.00
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 Antique Boyce Moto Meter Cadillac Radiator Cap Rare Roberson Motor Car US $369.99
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 Antique 115 Volt Spot Light Packard Motor Car Company Buffalo US $355.00
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 Antique Star Motor Car Radiator Figural Cap Pre Owned US $350.00
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 SALE $29500CAST IRON PIERCE MOTOR CAR CO CAR JACK ALLIANCE OHIO SERIAL 2X US $295.00
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 BRONZE MOTOR ART 1903 MORS CAR THE RACE OF DEATH MOREAU VAUTHIER FRENCH ARTIST US $471.48
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 C 1916 ORIGINAL COLOR RENDERING WARD MOTOR VEHICLE ELECTRIC CAR DESIGN US $250.00
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 Dietz Motor Car Lights Wood Crate US $243.14
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 ROYAL UNION MOTOR DINANT Ardennes Belgium Car Club Badge US $200.00
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 1910 Bellamore Armored Motor Bank Car Sales Brochure 10 US $200.00
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 VINTAGE ANTIQUE MOTOR RACING CAR PICTORIAL SCENE BROOKLANDS TOFFEE COOKIE TIN US $199.99
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 MONTANA MT VANITY LICENSE PLATE HUDSON CAR MOTOR US $199.99
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 ▀▄▀▄ CAR CLUB BADGE AMERICAN MOTOR CLUB ▀▄ ▀▄ US $180.00
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 AUTHENTIC GREATER HUDSON MOTOR CAR AUTOMOBILE COLLECTIBLE AUTO DEALER BROCHURE US $159.00
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 BBR Ferrari 458 Italy GT2 JMW motor sports 2011 Le Mans 24 hour 66 model car US $153.00
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 STUTZ Motor Car Co New Emblem The Great God Ra 1929 US $150.00
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 1952 National Service Data Large Book Car Motor Auto US $149.99
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 ENAMEL GERMAN CAR CLUB RADIATOR BADGE DMV GERMAN MOTOR SPORTS ASSOCIATION EV US $129.00
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 84 issues Car and Driver Motor Trend magazines US $129.00
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 Vintage Horse Hide Motor Gloves Hansen Black Beauty Motor Car US $128.00
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 Rare ATLAS Motor Car Factory Photos 1907 09 Springfield Mass US $125.00
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Astounding Advances In Motor Car Technology-Engine Developments
Outstanding Developments in Motor Car Technology -- Engine Advances
{Overview:l}
What had occurred during the past decade in automotive engineering development, is simply outstanding. How this was achieved will be the focus. This will put engines under the spotlight.
Toward the end of the previous millenium the view was that any further advances in motor car technology would be in tiny increments as it had reached its ultimate goal. Engineers were however forced by increasing pressure from legislators to find answers to the problem of cleaner exhaust gases and lower gasoline consumption coupled with the demand for more performance from the buying public.
The claims of manufacturers about their adchievements sounded more like snake oil salesman talk, almost too good to consider.
HOW DID THIS COME ABOUT?
In short: electronic computing power. It would have been unthinkable without the fast development of electronics over the last decade. Even the most infinitesmal operations of an engine in a modern automobile are controlled by present day computer power. Where electronics have been a major player in the development one should not forget the impressive advances in mechanical engineering.
Ever increasing outputs are wrung from modern engines so that their power delivery rivals and even exceeds that of racing engines of the past. High power outputs on today's motorcar engines elicit the expectation of high fuel consumption, but nothing is further from the truth.
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When the mixture of air and gas in a cylinder is ignited, the burning gases expand due to the generated heat. Increasing pressure above the piston drives it down the cylinder and in turn rotates the crankshaft. When expanded fully the hot gases are then expelled from the cylinder through the exhaust valve to make way for the new load of air being sucked in. Exhaust and inlet valves are opened and closed by the camshaft and this regulates the working of a four stroke engine.
Where carburettors were utilized in bygone times to mix gasoline and air in the approximate correct mixture ratio for burning inside an engine, this has been replaced with fuel injection on modern engines.
Single carburettors were used on engines of a previous generation but the differing lengths of the inlet tract caused uneven distribution of the mixture. This caused some cylinders to get a leaner mixture and others too rich, causing loss of power and efficiency.
The even distribution of fuel to every cylinder has made fuel injection mandatory on modern engines. The computer regulated solenoid valve injectors supply the petrol under pressure, via a common rail (single pipe) system, to the engine. The gasoline is then injected into the inlet manifold.
But even this no longer satisfies the requirements. To burn the super lean mixtures required by clean air and efficiency demands, the petrol is injected under high pressure directly into the cylinders. To enable this lean mixture to burn, the squirt of the injectors is directed at the spark plug. Having a richer combustible mixture in a strata around the spark plug, to allow it to burn, this is called a stratified charge.
The high compression ratios used these days coupled to the pressure generated by turbo-charging, also made this development necessary.
In the 1950's Mercedes Benz made a sports car, a 300SL, that had direct injection but from a mechanical pump. Is there anything new under the sun?
High compression ratios.
The higher a compression ratio, the more efficient the extraction of energy from the petrol is, where compression ratio is the ratio by which the air in the engine is compressed from say 10 parts into only 1 part. Although fairly high, the norm these days seems to be a ratio of 10:1. Certain factors however limit this.
At very high compression pressures the mixture tends to ignite by itself at a point that is not desired causing the engine to "ping". Labouring an engine with full throttle and at low revs, you occasionally hear a rattly pinging sound from it, especially when low octane fuel has been used. Serious damage to the engine can occur if this is carried on too long.
Up to about the 1950's many motor cars had engines with side valves and large combustion chambers. A low compression ratio of 4 and even 5 to 1, was the common figure for these engines and was also necessary for the low octane ratings of the fuel available at the time. These engines were exceedingly inefficient and guzzled fuel.
With stratospheric compression ratios for a petrol engine, such as 12:1, on some modern engines, this development would not have been feasible without these controls and today's fuel. With such extreme compression ratios one is entering diesel territory. Diesel engines run at extreme compression ratios but that is the subject of another article.
Down sizing engines, with or without turbo-charging, is a trend that is being followed by many manufacturers these days and will be covered in a coming article. This is a trend that is followed increasingly in Europe but less so in America, though there are distinct advantages to this and will be discussed there.
Author: Dieter Hoffmann a car, nut if ever there was one. My website is not about cars but about another of my interests i.e. woodworking. The name of the website is http://www.toolsforcarpentry.com where you can find information about woodworking tools plus plans for making just about any woodworking project as well as boats .
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