Railroad History
Railroad History
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Eureka Springs, Arkansas - The City that Water Built
Men were first lured by the crystal clear waters of the spring to the hills of the Arkansas Ozarks. The Osage Indians reportedly first found the spring and used its healing powers. They spread the legend of the curative properties of the spring. It is believed that Dr. Jackson was the first white man to find the spring. Alvah Jackson reportedly found the spring in 1854. This could have been a minor note in Arkansas folkfore but soon became the start of the greatest boom towns in Arkansas history.
One of Dr. Jacksons sons had a painful inflammation of the eyes from an accident during a hunting trip in the area in 1858. Dr. Jackson went to what is now Basin Spring and got water for his son to wash his eyes. In a few days, his eyes were greatly improved. Jackson was confinced that the water had curative powers. Dr. Jackson bottled the spring water and sold it as "Dr. Jacksons Eye Water. Word of mouth spread as to the healing benefits of the spring water.
During the Civil War, Dr. Jackson frequently treated sick and wounded soldiers from both armies. In 1865, Dr. Jackson nursed confederate soldiers back to health. Since Northwest Arkansas was then controlled by Federal troops; it was necessary for these confederate troops to hide out in the mountains. Recovering confederate soldiers would stay in the bluffs overlooking the spring in what would become Eureka Springs. Soon the Confederate soldiers had recovered.
It was May of 1879 before the medicinal benefits of the spring water would be again reported. Judge Saunders was introducted to the benefits of the spring water by Dr. Jackson. Judge Saunders was afflicted by erysipelas. Judge Saunders felt completely restored after losing 33 pounds in just 5 weeks. It was also reported that his hair returned to its original color of black.
Of course, there is no way to determine whether the spring waters had any therapeutic value at that time. No chemical difference has been found between the water in Eureka Springs and water in other parts of Northwest Arkansas. A legend was born.
In 1879, about 50 people lived and camped around the spring. Dr. Jackson said the area would soon be a town and needed a name. Discussions begain as to what the town's name should be. Two popular names were Jackson Springs and Saunders Springs for the two most famous men in the area at that time. Someone suggested "Eureka" meaning "I have found it" for the name. This name was agreed upon as neither man wanted the town named for them. Thus Eureka Springs, Arkansas was born. The City of Eureka Springs, Arkansas was offically founded on July 4, 1879.
Thousands of visitors flocked to the encampment of tents and shanties swelling the population to over 10,000 when they heard of the water's healing powers. In less than 1 year, the healing waters would bring 25,000 people to this spot. Eureka Springs's econony developed around the springs. Thus Eureka was called "The City That Water Built". Tourists and those seeking the healing benefits of the spring came resulting in hotels, saloons, grocery stores and liveries coming soon. Farmers and hills men soon came from hundreds of miles away with wagons loaded with eggs, driving ducks and geese. In 1893, the Railroad came to Eureka Springs.
By 1881, 13 buildings or hotels were built to cater to the tourists. Local newspapers in 1882 reported that the Eureka Springs, Arkansas water was deliciously pure and sweet. Today, Eureka Springs spa's continue with their healing benefits.
The town has flourished as a tourist destination ever since. Eureka Springs, Arkansas is currently home to over 3,000 motel rooms, 125 bed & breakfasts and numerous unique cabins. Eureka Springs offers welcoming and relaxing lodging for every traveler.
Railroad History Special - Dick Cavett